Understanding gum disease
Periodontal (gum) disease involves infections of the gums and bone supporting the teeth, primarily due to poor brushing and flossing. This neglect allows plaque - a sticky film of bacteria - to build up and harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dentist.
The two most common forms are gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is typically painless but leads to swollen, red gums that may bleed. If untreated, bacteria can damage the bones supporting the teeth, progressing to periodontitis, a leading cause of tooth loss, especially in older adults.